Black Paint
Why do we love black paint? Because it’s velvety reflection off the canvas seems to create intimate mysterious caverns. Because added to our favorite colors it creates dramatic luscious shadows. Because it outlines some of our favorite objects. Black draws the line, without apology. Yet, many famous painters extradited black from their palettes because it was too overpowering while other artists, such as Van Gogh, were fascinated with its capabilities and allure.
Here is a small dissertation to hopefully bring some light to your blacks.
Ivory Black— Ivory Black was first described in the 4th century B.C. Ivory scraps were crammed into clay pots topped with an iron lid, leaving little air in the pots. The ivory was then exposed to high heat, producing a very intense black. A cheaper method was invented by the Romans by burning ordinary animal bones instead of ivory which became known as Bone Black and soon replaced Ivory Black. Artist began referring to Bone Black as Ivory Black interchangeably. What we commonly know today as Ivory Black is actually Bone Black; however, there are a few distinctions. True Ivory Black has higher carbon content than Bone Black and is more intense. Consider it the refined sister of Bone Black; much more finely ground, luminescent and velvety in hue.
Ivory Black is an all purpose black that has a weak tinting strength and is slightly warm in color. It is a good choice for mixing greys, tinting and mixing with other colors. In oil, Ivory Black is a very slow drying color therefore not a good choice for underpainting or leaner layers. It produces a soft and brittle oil paint. It can never be used in Fresco as it crystallizes.
Mars Black— Mars Black was developed much later in the 20th century. It the most popular black not made from carbon and considered fully non-toxic. Mars Black is not as dense and dark as Ivory Black. However, it has a much better tinting strength. It is slightly warm in tinting strength but cool in mass tone. Mars Black is extremely opaque. It is more matte in surface sheen and has a faster drying time than ivory black. Some other names on the market for Mars Black are Black Iron, or Black Iron Oxide. It is an excellent black to use where the painter really wants to use a strong opaque black, or needs a black for leaner layers in oil painting. Also, if animal by-product use bothers you in your paint supplies, Mars Black is the Vegan Choice of blacks as it does not use any animal products to produce.
Lamp Black— Lamp Black was originally produced by collecting soot, also known as lampblack, from oil lamps. This was the black preferred by the Egyptians and can be found on Egyptian murals and tomb decorations. Lampblack was also used in creating India ink, and was a main component in early American house paints. It sometimes also referred to as Soot Black, Flame Black, and Carbon Black. Lamp Black possesses a more intense and pure black than charcoal with a slightly brown mass tone and bluish undertone in tints.
Lamp Black, as an oil color, is one of the slowest drying colors. It should never be used underneath other oil colors unless mixed with an alkyd or fast drying medium, or a fast drying color such as Umber. It is semi-opaque with a cool undertone. It is not particularly a good color for mixing with other colors, but it is excellent for subtle outlining, line work, emulating ink effects, etc. Its slight transparency also makes it good for over-toning colors with a wash of lamp black.
Vine Black— Vine Black belongs to groups of blacks that are generally made by burning grape vines, cork, and other woods or vegetable products. Some other types of these blacks are called Drop Black, Frankfort Black, Peach Black, Spanish Black and Blue Black. The Blue Black name comes from the fact that these types of blacks tend to have a strong bluish undertone. These blacks also tend to be less intense and deep to their other carbon counterparts. Vine Black has less popularity due to reputation alone of being less pure and inferior to other blacks. Although it is slightly less lightfast, it is still a very useful black to use especially in portraiture. Because it has a low tinting strength, and produces a subtle cool gray, it is excellent for toning down flesh tones without dirtying the color. Also, if animal by-product use bothers you in your paint supplies, Vine Black is the another Vegan Choice as it does not use any animal products to produce.
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© Grumbacher 2009. Used by permission.
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